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1 Usage note : go
go as a simple intransitive verb is translated by aller:we’re going to Paris= nous allons à Pariswhere are you going?= où vas-tu?Sasha went to London last week= Sasha est allée à Londres la semaine dernièreNote that aller conjugates with être in compound tenses. For the conjugation of aller see the French verb tables. For more examples and particular usages see the entry go. The verb go produces a great many phrasal verbs in English (go up, go down, go out, go back etc.). Many of these are translated by a single verb in French (monter, descendre, sortir, retourner etc.). The phrasal verbs are listed separately at the end of the entry go.As an auxiliary verbWhen go is used as an auxiliary to show intention, it is also translated by aller:I’m going to buy a car tomorrow= je vais acheter une voiture demainI was going to talk to you about it= j’allais t’en parlerhe’s not going to ask for a rise= il ne va pas demander d’augmentationFor more examples and particular usages see A23 in the entry go.For all other uses see the entry go. -
2 Usage note : of
In almost all its uses the preposition of is translated by de. Exceptions to this are substances ( made of gold), uses with a personal pronoun (that’s kind of you), proportions (some of us, of the 12 of us…) and time expressions ( of an evening). For translations of these, see the entry of. Remember that de + le always becomes du and that de + les always becomes des.To find translations for phrases beginning with of (of course, of all, of interest, of late, of old) you should consult the appropriate noun etc. entry (course, all, interest, late, old etc.).of also often appears as the second element of a verb (consist of, deprive of, die of, think of). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.of is used after certain nouns, pronouns and adjectives in English (a member of, a game of, some of, most of, afraid of, capable of, ashamed of). For translations, consult the appropriate noun, pronoun or adjective entry.there’s a lot of it= il y en a beaucoupthere are several of them= il y en a plusieursNote, however, the following expressions used when referring to people:there are six of them= ils sont sixthere were several of them= ils étaient plusieursFor particular usages see the entry of.This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as Age, Capacity measurement, Dates, Illnesses, Length measurement, Quantities, Towns and cities, and Weight measurement, many of which use of. -
3 more
more [mɔ:r]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. pronoun3. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjectivea. ( = greater in amount) plus de► more... than plus de... queb. ( = additional) encore de• more tea? encore un peu de thé ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• is there any more wine? y a-t-il encore du vin ?► a few/several more2. pronouna. ( = greater quantity) plus• that's more than enough c'est amplement suffisant► no/nothing more• no more, thanks (in restaurant) ça suffit, mercib. ( = others) d'autres• have you got any more like these? en avez-vous d'autres comme ça ?3. adverbc. ( = rather) plutôtd. ( = again) once more une fois de plus• once more, they have disappointed us une fois de plus, ils nous ont déçus• the more you rest the quicker you'll get better plus vous vous reposerez plus vous vous rétablirez rapidement• all the more so because... d'autant plus que...* * *Note: When used to modify an adjective or an adverb to form the comparative more is very often translated by plus: more expensive = plus cher/chère; more beautiful = plus beau/belle; more easily = plus facilement; more regularly = plus régulièrement. For examples and further uses see belowWhen used as a quantifier to indicate a greater amount or quantity of something more is very often translated by plus de: more money/cars/people = plus d'argent/de voitures/de gens. For examples and further uses see II 1 below[mɔː(r)] 1.1) ( comparative)2) ( to a greater extent) plus, davantageyou must work/rest more — il faut que tu travailles/te reposes davantage
the more you think about it, the harder it will seem — plus tu y penseras, plus ça te paraîtra dur
3) ( longer)4) ( again)5) ( rather)2.3.a little/lot more wine — un peu/beaucoup plus de vin
1) ( larger amount or number) plusit costs more than the other one — il/elle coûte plus cher que l'autre
many were disappointed, more were angry — beaucoup de gens ont été déçus, un plus grand nombre étaient fâchés
2) ( additional amount) davantage; ( additional number) plusseveral/a few more (of them) — plusieurs/quelques autres
in Mexico, of which more later... — au Mexique, dont nous reparlerons plus tard...
4.let's ou we'll say no more about it — n'en parlons plus
more and more phrasal determiner, adverbial phrase de plus en plus5.more or less adverbial phrase plus ou moins6.more so adverbial phrase encore plusin York, and even more so in Oxford — à York et encore plus à Oxford
he is just as active as her, if not more so ou or even more so — il est aussi actif qu'elle, si ce n'est plus
7.they are all disappointed, none more so than Mr Lowe — ils sont tous déçus, en particulier M. Lowe
more than adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase1) ( greater amount or number) plus de2) ( extremely)••she's nothing more (nor less) than a thief —
she's a thief, neither more nor less — c'est une voleuse, ni plus ni moins
he's nothing ou no ou not much more than a servant — ce n'est qu'un serviteur
and what is more... — et qui plus est...
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4 Usage note : like
When like is used as a preposition (like a child, do it like this) it can generally be translated by comme.she’s like her father or she looks like her father= elle ressemble à son pèrelike is used after certain other verbs in English to express particular kinds of resemblance (taste like, feel like, smell like etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.songs like my mother sings= des chansons comme celles que chante ma mèreWhen like is used to introduce an illustrative example ( big cities like London) it can be translated by either comme or tel/telle/tels/ telles que: les grandes villes comme Londres or les grandes villes telles que Londres. -
5 neither
neither [ˈnaɪðər, ˈni:ðər]1. adverb► neither... nor ni... ni2. conjunction• if you don't go, neither shall I si tu n'y vas pas je n'irai pas non plus3. adjective4. pronoun• which do you prefer? -- neither lequel préférez-vous ? -- ni l'un ni l'autre* * *Note: When used as co-ordinating conjunctions neither...nor are translated by ni...ni: she speaks neither English nor French = elle ne parle ni anglais ni français; he is neither intelligent nor kind = il n'est ni intelligent ni gentil; neither tea, nor milk = ni (le) thé, ni (le) lait. Note that the preceding verb is negated by neWhen used as a conjunction to show agreement or similarity with a negative statement, neither is translated by non plus: ‘I don't like him’ - ‘neither do I’ = ‘je ne l'aime pas’ - ‘moi non plus’; ‘he's not Spanish’ - ‘neither is John’ = ‘il n'est pas espagnol’ - ‘John non plus’; ‘I can't sleep’ - ‘neither can I’ = ‘je n'arrive pas à dormir’ - ‘moi non plus’When used to give additional information to a negative statement neither can often be translated by non plus preceded by a negative verb: she hasn't written, neither has she telephoned = elle n'a pas écrit, et elle n'a pas téléphoné non plus; I don't wish to insult you, but neither do I wish to lose money = je ne veux pas vous offenser, mais je ne souhaite pas non plus perdre de l'argent['naɪðə(r), 'niːð-] 1.1) ( not either) ni...ni2) ( nor)he doesn't have the time, neither does he have the money — il n'a pas le temps, et il n'a pas l'argent non plus
2.you don't have to tell him, neither should you — tu n'es pas obligé de le lui dire, tu ferais même mieux d'éviter
determiner aucun des deux3.pronoun ni l'un/-e, ni l'autre m/f‘which one is responsible?’ - ‘neither’ — ‘lequel des deux est responsable?’ - ‘ni l'un ni l'autre’
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6 neither
❢ When used as co-ordinating conjunctions neither…nor are translated by ni…ni: she speaks neither English nor French = elle ne parle ni anglais ni français ; he is neither intelligent nor kind = il n'est ni intelligent ni gentil ; neither tea, nor milk = ni (le) thé, ni (le) lait. Note that the preceding verb is negated by ne.For examples and further uses see the entry neither A 1.When used as a conjunction to show agreement or similarity with a negative statement, neither is translated by non plus: ‘I don't like him’-‘neither do I’ = ‘je ne l'aime pas’-‘moi non plus’ ; ‘he's not Spanish’-‘neither is John’ = ‘il n'est pas espagnol’-‘John non plus’ ; ‘I can't sleep’-‘neither can I ’ = ‘je n'arrive pas à dormir’-‘moi non plus’. When used to give additional information to a negative statement neither can often be translated by non plus preceded by a negative verb: she hasn't written, neither has she telephoned = elle n'a pas écrit, et elle n'a pas téléphoné non plus ; I don't wish to insult you, but neither do I wish to lose money = je ne veux pas vous offenser, mais je ne souhaite pas non plus perdre de l'argent.For examples and further uses see the entry neither A 2.A conj1 ( not either) ni…ni ; I have neither the time nor the money je n'ai ni le temps ni l'argent ; I've seen neither him nor her je ne les ai vus ni l'un ni l'autre ;2 ( nor) he doesn't have the time, neither does he have the money il n'a pas le temps, et il n'a pas l'argent non plus ; you don't have to tell him, neither should you tu n'es pas obligé de le lui dire, tu ferais même mieux d'éviter.B det aucun des deux ; neither book is suitable aucun des deux livres ne convient ; neither girl replied aucune des deux filles n'a répondu.C pron ni l'un/-e, ni l'autre m/f ; neither of them came ni l'un ni l'autre n'est venu, ils ne sont venus ni l'un ni l'autre ; ‘which one is responsible?’-‘neither’ ‘lequel des deux est responsable?’-‘ni l'un ni l'autre’. -
7 British regions and counties
The names of British regions and counties usually have the definite article in French, except when used with the preposition en.In, to and from somewhereMost counties and regions are masculine ; with these, in and to are translated by dans le, and from by du:to live in Sussex= vivre dans le Sussexto go to Sussex= aller dans le Sussexto come from Sussex= venir du SussexNote however:Cornwall= la Cornouaillesto live in Cornwall= vivre en Cornouaillesto go to Cornwall= aller en Cornouaillesto come from Cornwall= venir de la CornouaillesUses with nounsThere are rarely French equivalents for English forms like Cornishmen, and it is always safe to use de with the definite article:Cornishmen= les habitants mpl de la CornouaillesLancastrians= les habitants du LancashireIn other cases, du is often possible:a Somerset accent= un accent du Somersetthe Yorkshire countryside= les paysages du Yorkshirebut it is usually safe to use du comté de:the towns of Fife= les villes du comté de Fifethe rivers of Merioneth= les rivières du comté de Merionethor de la région de:Grampian cattle= le bétail de la région des GrampiansBig English-French dictionary > British regions and counties
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8 by
by [baɪ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When by is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by degrees, surrounded by, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. prepositiona. ( = close to) à côté de, près de• her cousins are over there, and she's sitting by them ses cousins sont là-bas et elle est assise à côté (d'eux)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• her bag was on the table and her keys right by it son sac était sur la table et ses clés juste à côtéb. ( = past) à côté dec. ( = via) par• which route did you come by? par où êtes-vous passés ?d. ( = not later than) pour• applications must be submitted by 21 April les candidatures doivent nous parvenir au plus tard le 21 avrile. ( = in) en• by 1990 the figure had reached... en 1990, ce chiffre avait atteint...• by 2010 the figure will have reached... en 2010, cette somme aura atteint...f. ( = on) by 30 September we had paid out £500 au 30 septembre nous avions payé 500 livres• by yesterday it was clear that... dès hier on savait que...g. ( = according to) by my calculations d'après mes calculsk. ( = created, written by) de• who's it by? c'est de qui ?l. (method, means, manner) à► by + -ing en• by leaving early he missed the rush en partant de bonne heure il a évité la cohue► by + means of transport en• by bus/car/taxi en bus/voiture/taxi• by rail or train en train━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When there is no clear agent, the active is more natural in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• by and large, I still think this is true globalement, je crois toujours que c'est vrai► by the way au fait• by the way, did you know it was Ann's birthday? au fait, tu savais que c'était l'anniversaire d'Ann ?2. adverb( = along, past) he'll be by any minute il sera là dans un instant3. compounds* * *[baɪ] 1.1) (showing agent, result) par2) ( through the means of)to travel by bus/train — voyager en bus/train
by bicycle — à bicyclette, en vélo
by candlelight — [dine] aux chandelles; [read] à la bougie
3) (according to, from evidence of) àby my watch it is three o'clock — à ma montre, il est trois heures
I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry — rien qu'à la regarder je savais qu'elle était fâchée
4) (via, passing through) par5) (near, beside) à côté de, près deby the bed/the window — à côté du lit/de la fenêtre
6) ( past)to go ou pass by somebody — passer devant quelqu'un
7) ( showing authorship) de8) (before, not later than) avantby four o'clock/next Thursday — avant quatre heures/jeudi prochain
by the time she had got downstairs he was gone — le temps qu'elle descende, il était parti
by now it was clear that they were going to win — à ce moment-là il était clair qu'ils allaient gagner
9) ( during)10) ( according to)it seems primitive by western standards — cela a l'air primitif selon or d'après les critères occidentaux
11) ( to the extent or degree of) deprices have risen by 20% — les prix ont augmenté de 20%
he's taller than me by two centimetres — il fait deux centimètres de plus que moi, il est plus grand que moi de deux centimètres
12) ( in measurements) sur13) (in multiplication, division) par14) (showing rate, quantity) à15) (in successive degrees, units)one by one — un par un, un à un
16) ( with regard to) dehe is an architect by profession ou trade — il est architecte de son métier
17) ( as a result of) parby accident/mistake — par accident/erreur
18) ( used with reflexive pronouns)19) Nautical ( in compass directions) quart2.1) ( past)the people walking by — les gens mpl qui passent/passaient, les passants mpl
2) ( near) près3) (aside, in reserve)4) ( to one's house)••by and by — bientôt, en peu de temps
by the by —
but that's by the by — mais ça c'est un détail, mais ça c'est autre chose
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9 Usage note : be
I am tired= je suis fatiguéCaroline is French= Caroline est françaisethe children are in the garden= les enfants sont dans le jardinIt functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:she’s a doctor= elle est médecinClaudie is still a student= Claudie est toujours étudianteThis is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:he’s a widower= il est veufButLyons is a beautiful city= Lyon est une belle villeFor more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.Grammatical functionsThe passiveêtre is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:the rabbit was killed by a fox= le lapin a été tué par un renardthe window had been broken= la fenêtre avait été casséetheir books will be sold= leurs livres seront vendusour doors have been repainted red= nos portes ont été repeintes en rougeIn spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.Progressive tensesIn French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.The presentFrench uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:I am working= je travailleBen is reading a book= Ben lit un livreIn order to accentuate duration être en train de is used: je suis en train de travailler ; Ben est en train de lire un livre.The futureFrench also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:we are going to London tomorrow= nous allons à Londres demainI’m (just) coming!= j’arrive!I’m (just) going!= j’y vais!The pastTo express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:he wrote to his mother= il a écrit à sa mèrehe was writing to his mother= il écrivait à sa mèreHowever, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:‘what was he doing when you arrived?’‘he was cooking the dinner’= ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’she was just finishing her essay when …= elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …The compound pastCompound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:I’ve been looking for you= je te cherchaisFor progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.ObligationWhen to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:she’s to do it at once= elle doit le faire tout de suitewhat am I to do?= qu’est-ce que je dois faire?he was to arrive last Monday= il devait arriver lundi derniershe was never to see him again= elle ne devait plus le revoir.In tag questionsFrench has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:their house is lovely, isn’t it?= leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?he’s a doctor, isn’t he?= il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?= c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’= ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?= tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:it’s not broken, is it?= ce n’est pas cassé, si?he wasn’t serious, was he?= il n’était pas sérieux, si?In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.In short answersAgain, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’= ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’= ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’= ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’ProbabilityFor expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.Other functionsExpressing sensations and feelingsIn expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:to be cold= avoir froidto be hot= avoir chaudI’m cold= j’ai froidto be thirsty= avoir soifto be hungry= avoir faimto be ashamed= avoir hontemy hands are cold= j’ai froid aux mainsIf, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.Discussing health and how people areIn expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:how are you?= comment allez-vous?( more informally) comment vas-tu?( very informally as a greeting) ça va?are you well?= vous allez bien?how is your daughter?= comment va votre fille?my father is better today= mon père va mieux aujourd’huiDiscussing weather and temperatureIn expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:it’s cold= il fait froidit’s windy= il fait du ventIf in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.Visiting somewhereWhen to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:I’ve never been to Sweden= je ne suis jamais allé en Suèdehave you been to the Louvre?= est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?Paul has been to see us three times= Paul est venu nous voir trois foisNote too:has the postman been?= est-ce que le facteur est passé?The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be. -
10 Usage note : that
In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede ; that is translated by ce + masculine singular noun ( ce monsieur), cet + masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( cet homme) and cette + feminine singular noun ( cette femme) ; those is translated by ces.Note, however, that the above translations are also used for the English this (plural these). So when it is necessary to insist on that as opposed to another or others of the same sort, the adverbial tag -là is added to the noun:I prefer THAT version= je préfère cette version-làFor particular usages, see the entry that.As a pronoun meaning that one, those onesIn French, pronouns reflect the gender and number of the noun they are referring to. So that is translated by celui-là for a masculine noun, celle-là for a feminine noun and those is translated by ceux-là for a masculine noun and celles-là for a feminine noun:I think I like that one (dress) best= je crois que je préfère celle-làFor other uses of that, those as pronouns (e.g. who’s that?) and for adverbial use (e.g. that much, that many) there is no straightforward translation, so see the entry that for examples of usage.When used as a relative pronoun, that is translated by qui when it is the subject of the verb and by que when it is the object:the man that stole the car= l’homme qui a volé la voiturethe film that I saw= le film que j’ai vuRemember that in the present perfect and past perfect tenses, the past participle will agreewith the noun to which que as object refers:the apples that I bought= les pommes que j’ai achetéesWhen that is used as a relative pronoun with a preposition, it is translated by lequel when standing for a masculine singular noun, by laquelle when standing for a feminine singular noun, by lesquels when standing for a masculine plural noun and by lesquelles when standing for a feminine plural noun:the chair that I was sitting on= la chaise sur laquelle j’étais assisethe children that I bought the books for= les enfants pour lesquels j’ai acheté les livresRemember that in cases where the English preposition used would normally be translated by à in French (e.g. to, at), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be auquel, à laquelle, auxquels, auxquelles:the girls that I was talking to= les filles auxquelles je parlaisSimilarly, where the English preposition used would normally be translated by de in French (e.g. of, from), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be dont in all cases:the Frenchman that I received a letter from= le Français dont j’ai reçu une lettreWhen used as a conjunction, that can almost always be translated by que (qu’ before a vowel or mute ‘h’):she said that she would do it= elle a dit qu’elle le ferait -
11 Usage note : which
In questionsWhen which is used as a pronoun in questions it is translated by lequel, laquelle, lesquels or lesquelles according to the gender and number of the noun it is referring to:there are three peaches, which do you want?= il y a trois pêches, laquelle veux-tu?‘Lucy’s borrowed three of your books’ ‘which did she take?’= ‘Lucy t’a emprunté trois livres’ ‘lesquels a-t-elle pris?’The exception to this is when which is followed by a superlative adjective, when the translation is quel, quelle, quels or quelles:which is the biggest (apple)?= quelle est la plus grande?which are the least expensive (books)?= quels sont les moins chers?In relative clauses as subject or objectthe book which is on the table= le livre qui est sur la tablethe books which are on the table= les livres qui sont sur la tablethe book which Tina is reading= le livre que lit TinaNote the inversion of subject and verb ; this is the case where the subject is a noun but not where the subject is a pronoun:the book which I am reading= le livre que je lisIn compound tenses such as the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the noun que is referring to:the books which I gave you= les livres que je t’ai donnésthe dresses which she bought yesterday= les robes qu’elle a achetées hierIn relative clauses after a prepositionHere the translation is lequel, laquelle, lesquels or lesquelles according to the gender and number of the noun referred to:the road by which we came or the road which we came by= la route par laquelle nous sommes venusthe expressions for which we have translations= les expressions pour lesquelles nous avons une traductionRemember that if the preposition would normally be translated by à in French (to, at etc.), the preposition + which is translated by auquel, à laquelle, auxquels or auxquelles:the addresses to which we sent letters= les adresses auxquelles nous avons envoyé des lettresWith prepositions normally translated by de (of, from etc.) the translation of the preposition which becomes dont:a blue book, the title of which I’ve forgotten= un livre bleu dont j’ai oublié le titreHowever, if de is part of a prepositional group, as for example in the case of près de meaning near, the translation becomes duquel, de laquelle, desquels or desquelles:the village near which they live= le village près duquel ils habitentthe houses near which she was waiting= les maisons près desquelles elle attendaita hill at the top of which there is a house= une colline au sommet de laquelle il y a une maisonAs a determinerIn questionsWhen which is used as a determiner in questions it is translated by quel, quelle, quels or quelles according to the gender and number of the noun that follows:which car is yours?= quelle voiture est la vôtre?which books did he borrow?= quels livres a-t-il empruntés?Note that in the second example the object precedes the verb so that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the object. -
12 Usage note : the
In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede ; the is translated by le + masculine singular noun ( le chien), by la + feminine singular noun ( la chaise), by l’ + masculine or feminine singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ (l’auteur, l’homme, l’absence, l’histoire) and by les + plural noun (les hommes, les femmes).When the is used after a preposition in English, the two words (prep + the) are often translated by one word in French. If the preposition would normally be translated by de in French (of, about, from etc.) the prep + the is translated by du + masculine noun ( du chien), by de la + feminine noun ( de la femme), by de l’ + singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h ’ (de l’auteur, de l’histoire) and by des + plural noun (des hommes, des femmes). If the preposition would usually be translated by à (at, to etc.) the prep + the is translated according to the number and gender of the noun, by au ( au chien), à la ( à la femme), à l’ (à l’enfant), aux (aux hommes, aux femmes).Other than this, there are few problems in translating the into French.The following cases are, however, worth remembering as not following exactly the pattern of the English:the good, the poor etc.= les bons, les pauvres etc.Charles the First, Elizabeth the Second etc.= Charles Premier, Elizabeth Deux etc.she’s THE violinist of the century= c’est LA violoniste du siècle or c’est la plus grande violoniste du sièclethe Tudors, the Batemans etc.= les Tudor, les Bateman etc.For expressions such as the more, the better, see the entry the.This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as weight measurement, days of the week, rivers, illnesses, aches and pains, the human body, and musical instruments, many of which use the. -
13 any
any [ˈenɪ]1. adjectivea.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The construction not... any is generally translated in French by pas... de.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━b. (in questions and "if" clauses) have you got any butter? avez-vous du beurre ?• did they find any survivors? ont-ils trouvé des survivants ?• are there any others? y en a-t-il d'autres ?• is there any risk? y a-t-il un risque ?c. ( = no matter which) n'importe quel ; ( = each and every) tout• you can come at any hour of the day or night vous pouvez venir à toute heure du jour ou de la nuit2. pronouna. (with negative) she has two brothers but I haven't got any elle a deux frères mais moi je n'en ai pas• a lot of people booked but hardly any came beaucoup de gens avaient réservé, mais presque personne n'est venub. (in questions and "if" clauses) have you got any? en avez-vous ?• few, if any, will come il viendra peu de gens, si tant est qu'il en viennec. ( = no matter which one) any of those books will do n'importe lequel de ces livres fera l'affaire3. adverba. ► any + comparative• are you feeling any better? vous sentez-vous un peu mieux ?• if it had been any colder we'd have frozen to death si la température avait encore baissé, nous serions morts de froid• do you want any more soup? voulez-vous encore de la soupe ?• I couldn't do that any more than I could fly je ne serais pas plus capable de faire cela que de volerb. ► not any + comparative* * *Note: When any is used as a determiner in negative sentences it is not usually translated in French: we don't have any money = nous n'avons pas d'argentWhen any is used as a determiner in questions it is translated by du, de l', de la or des according to the gender and number of the noun that follows: is there any soap? = y a-t-il du savon?; is there any flour? = y a-t-il de la farine?; are there any questions? = est-ce qu'il y a des questions?When any is used as a pronoun in negative sentences and in questions it is translated by en: we don't have any = nous n'en avons pas; have you got any? = est-ce que vous en avez?For adverbial uses such as any more, any longer, any better etc see III below['enɪ] 1.1) (with negative, implied negative)2) (in questions, conditional sentences)3) ( no matter which) n'importe quel/quelle, toutany complaints should be addressed to Mr Cook — pour toute réclamation adressez-vous à M. Cook
I do not wish to restrict your freedom in any way — je n'ai pas l'intention d'entraver votre liberté de quelque façon que ce soit
2.if you should want to discuss this at any time — si à un moment ou à un autre vous souhaitez discuter de cela
1) (with negative, implied negative)she doesn't like any of them — ( people) elle n'aime aucun d'entre eux/elles; ( things) elle n'en aime aucun/-e
2) (in questions, conditional sentences)I'd like some tea, if you have any — je voudrais du thé, si vous en avez
have any of you got a car? — est-ce que l'un/-e d'entre vous a une voiture?
3) ( no matter which) n'importe lequel/laquelle‘which colour would you like?’ - ‘any’ — ‘quelle couleur veux-tu?’ - ‘n'importe laquelle’
3.any of them could do it — n'importe qui d'entre eux/elles pourrait le faire
1) ( with comparatives)he doesn't live here any more ou longer — il n'habite plus ici
2) (colloq) ( at all) du tout -
14 few
❢ When few is used as a quantifier to indicate the smallness or insufficiency of a given number or quantity ( few houses, few shops, few people) it is translated by peu de: peu de maisons, peu de magasins, peu de gens. Equally the few is translated by le peu de: the few people who knew her le peu de gens qui la connaissaient. For examples and particular usages see A 1 in the entry.When few is used as a quantifier in certain expressions to mean several, translations vary according to the expression: see A 2 in the entry. When a few is used as a quantifier ( a few books), it can often be translated by quelques: quelques livres ; however, for expressions such as quite a few books, a good few books, see B in the entry. For translations of few used as a pronoun ( few of us succeeded, I only need a few) see B, C in the entry. For translations of the few used as a noun ( the few who voted for him) see D in the entry.A quantif1 ( not many) peu de ; few visitors/letters peu de visiteurs/lettres ; few people came to the meeting peu de gens sont venus à la réunion ; very few houses/families très peu de maisons/familles ; there are very few opportunities for graduates il y a très peu de débouchés pour les diplômés ; one of my few pleasures un de mes rares plaisirs ; on the few occasions that she has visited this country les rares fois où elle a visité ce pays ; their needs are few ils ont peu de besoins ; their demands are few ils sont peu exigeants, ils revendiquent peu de chose ; to be few in number être peu nombreux ; there are too few women in this profession il y a trop peu de femmes dans ce métier ; with few exceptions à quelques exceptions près ; a man of few words gen un homme peu loquace ; ( approvingly) un homme qui ne se perd pas en paroles inutiles ;2 (some, several) every few days tous les deux ou trois jours ; over the next few days/weeks ( in past) dans les jours/semaines qui ont suivi ; ( in future) dans les jours/semaines à venir ; these past few days ces derniers jours ; the first few weeks les premières semaines ; the few books she possessed les quelques livres qu'elle possédait.B a few quantif quelques ; a few people/houses quelques personnes/maisons ; I would like a few more j'en voudrais quelques-uns (or quelques-unes) de plus ; quite a few people/houses pas mal ○ de gens/maisons, un bon nombre de gens/maisons ; we've lived here for a good few years nous vivons ici depuis un bon nombre d'années ; a few weeks earlier quelques semaines plus tôt ; in a few minutes dans quelques minutes ; in a few more months dans quelques mois ; a few more times quelques fois de plus.C pron1 ( not many) peu ; few of us succeeded peu d'entre nous ont réussi ; few of them could swim ils n'étaient pas nombreux à savoir nager ; few of them survived peu d'entre eux ont survécu, il y a eu peu de survivants ; there are so few of them that ( objects) il y en a tellement peu que ; ( people) ils sont tellement peu nombreux que ; there are four too few il en manque quatre ; as few as four people turned up quatre personnes seulement sont venues ; few can deny that il y a peu de gens qui nieraient que ;2 ( some) a few of the soldiers/countries quelques-uns or certains des soldats/pays ; I only need a few il ne m'en faut que quelques-uns/quelques-unes ; a few of us un certain nombre d'entre nous ; there were only a few of them ( objects) il n'y en avait que quelques-uns/quelques-unes ; ( people) ils étaient peu nombreux ; quite a few of the tourists come from Germany un bon nombre des touristes viennent d'Allemagne ; a good few of the houses were damaged un bon nombre des maisons ont été endommagées ; there are only a very few left ( objects) il n'en reste que très peu ; ( people) il ne reste que quelques personnes ; a few wanted to go on strike quelques-uns voulaient faire la grève.D n the few who voted for him les rares personnes qui ont voté pour lui ; great wealth in the hands of the few une grande richesse entre les mains d'une minorité ; music that appeals only to the few une musique qui ne s'adresse qu'à l'élite.to be few and far between être rarissimes ; such people/opportunities are few and far between de telles personnes/occasions sont rarissimes ; villages in this area are few and far between il y a très peu de villages dans cette région ; to have had a few (too many) ○ avoir bu quelques verres de trop, être bien parti ○. -
15 few
few [fju:]a. ( = not many) peu (de)• there are always the few who think that... il y a toujours la minorité qui croit que...• how many? -- quite a few combien ? -- pas mal (inf)• too few of them realize that... trop peu d'entre eux sont conscients que...* * *Note: When few is used as a quantifier to indicate the smallness or insufficiency of a given number or quantity ( few houses, few people, few shops) it is translated by peu de: peu de maisons, peu de gens, peu de magasins. Equally the few is translated by le peu de: the few people who knew her le peu de gens qui la connaissaient. For examples and particular usages see I 1 in the entryWhen few is used as a quantifier in certain expressions to mean several, translations vary according to the expression: see I 2 in the entryWhen a few is used as a quantifier ( a few books), it can often be translated by quelques: quelques livres; however, for expressions such as quite a few books, a good few books, see II in the entryFor translations of few used as a pronoun ( few of us succeeded, I only need a few) see II, III in the entryFor translations of the few used as a noun ( the few who voted for him) see III in the entry[fjuː] 1.(comparative fewer; superlative fewest) quantifier1) ( not many) peu defew visitors/letters — peu de visiteurs/lettres
2) (some, several)2.over the next few days/weeks — ( in past) dans les jours/semaines qui ont suivi; ( in future) dans les jours/semaines à venir
a few quantifier, pronoun quelquesa few people/houses — quelques personnes/maisons
I would like a few more — j'en voudrais quelques-uns/quelques-unes de plus
quite a few people/houses — pas mal (colloq) de gens/maisons, un bon nombre de personnes/maisons
a few of the soldiers/countries — quelques-uns or certains des soldats/pays
there were only a few of them — il n'y en avait que quelques-uns/quelques-unes
3.quite a few ou a good few of the tourists come from Germany — un bon nombre des touristes viennent d'Allemagne
••to have had a few (too many) — (colloq) avoir bu quelques verres (de trop)
-
16 get
get [get]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. ( = have, receive, obtain) avoir━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Some get + noun combinations may take a more specific French verb.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• first I need to get a better idea of the situation je dois d'abord me faire une meilleure idée de la situation► have/has got• how many have you got? combien en avez-vous ?• I've got it! ( = have safely) (ça y est) je l'ai !• you're okay, I've got you! ne t'en fais pas, je te tiens !b. ( = find) trouver• it's difficult to get a hotel room in August c'est difficile de trouver une chambre d'hôtel en août• you get different kinds of... on trouve plusieurs sortes de...c. ( = buy) acheter• where do they get their raw materials? où est-ce qu'ils achètent leurs matières premières ?d. ( = fetch, pick up) aller chercher• can you get my coat from the cleaners? est-ce que tu peux aller chercher mon manteau au pressing ?• can I get you a drink? est-ce que je peux vous offrir quelque chose ?e. ( = take) prendref. ( = call in) appelerg. ( = prepare) préparerh. ( = catch) [+ disease, fugitive] attraper ; [+ name, details] comprendre• we'll get them yet! on leur revaudra ça !• he'll get you for that! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ! (inf)• you've got it in one! (inf) tu as tout compris !• let me get this right, you're saying that... alors, si je comprends bien, tu dis que...j. ( = answer) can you get the phone? est-ce que tu peux répondre ?• I'll get it! j'y vais !► to get + adjective━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► This construction is often translated by a verb alone. Look up the relevant adjective.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• when do you think you'll get it finished? ( = when will you finish it) quand penses-tu avoir fini ?• you can't get anything done round here ( = do anything) il est impossible de travailler ici► to get sb/sth to do sth━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to get sth going [+ machine] faire marcher qch► to get sb/sth somewhere• how can we get it home? comment faire pour l'apporter à la maison ?• to get sth upstairs monter qch► to get sb/sth + preposition• to get o.s. into a difficult position se mettre dans une situation délicate• how do you get there? comment fait-on pour y aller ?• can you get there from London by bus? est-ce qu'on peut y aller de Londres en bus ?• what time do you get to Sheffield? à quelle heure arrivez-vous à Sheffield ?► to get + adverb/preposition• how did that box get here? comment cette boîte est-elle arrivée ici ?• what's got into him? qu'est-ce qui lui prend ?• now we're getting somewhere! (inf) enfin du progrès !• how's your thesis going? -- I'm getting there où en es-tu avec ta thèse ? -- ça avance• where did you get to? où étais-tu donc passé ?• where can he have got to? où est-il passé ?• where have you got to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous ?► to get + adjective━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► This construction is often translated by a verb alone.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• how stupid can you get? il faut vraiment être stupide !• to get used to sth/to doing s'habituer à qch/à faire► to get + past participle (passive)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Reflexive verbs are used when the sense is not passive.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► to get to + infinitive• students only get to use the library between 2pm and 8pm les étudiants ne peuvent utiliser la bibliothèque qu'entre 14 heures et 20 heures► have got to + infinitive ( = must)• have you got to go and see her? est-ce que vous êtes obligé d'aller la voir ?• you've got to be joking! tu plaisantes !► to get + -ing ( = begin)• I got to thinking that... (inf) je me suis dit que...3. compounds• he's got lots of get-up-and-go il est très dynamique ► get-well card noun carte f de vœux (pour un prompt rétablissement)a. ( = move about) se déplacer• he gets about with a stick/on crutches il marche avec une canne/des béquilles• she gets about quite well despite her handicap elle arrive assez bien à se déplacer malgré son handicapb. ( = travel) voyagerc. [news] circuler• the story had got about that... des rumeurs circulaient selon lesquelles...• it has got about that... le bruit court que...• I don't want it to get about je ne veux pas que ça s'ébruite► get above inseparable transitive verb• to get above o.s. avoir la grosse tête (inf)• you're getting above yourself! pour qui te prends-tu ?► get across[person crossing] traverser ; [meaning, message] passer• the message is getting across that people must... les gens commencent à comprendre qu'il faut...b. ( = manage) se débrouiller• to get along without sth/sb se débrouiller sans qch/qnc. ( = progress) [work] avancer ; [student, invalid] faire des progrèsd. ( = be on good terms) (bien) s'entendre→ get about→ get rounda. [+ object, person, place] atteindreb. [+ facts, truth] découvrirc. ( = suggest) what are you getting at? où voulez-vous en venir ?d. (British) ( = attack) s'en prendre àa. ( = leave) partir• we are not going to be able to get away this year nous n'allons pas pouvoir partir en vacances cette année• get away (with you)! (inf) à d'autres !b. ( = escape) s'échapper• she moved here to get away from the stress of city life elle est venue s'installer ici pour échapper au stress de la vie citadine• he went to the Bahamas to get away from it all il est allé aux Bahamas pour laisser tous ses problèmes derrière lui( = suffer no consequences)• you'll never get away with that! on ne te laissera pas passer ça ! (inf)a. ( = return) revenir• let's get back to why you didn't come yesterday revenons à la question de savoir pourquoi vous n'êtes pas venu hier• can I get back to you on that? (inf) puis-je vous recontacter à ce sujet ? ; (on phone) puis-je vous rappeler à ce sujet ?b. ( = move backwards) reculer• get back! reculez !a. ( = recover) [+ sth lent, sth lost, stolen] récupérer ; [+ strength] reprendre ; [+ one's husband, partner] faire revenirb. ( = return) rendre• I'll get it back to you as soon as I can je vous le rendrai dès que possible► get back at (inf) inseparable transitive verb( = retaliate against) prendre sa revanche sura. ( = pass) passerb. ( = manage) arriver à s'en sortir (inf)• may I get down? (at table) est-ce que je peux sortir de table ?• get down! ( = climb down) descends ! ; ( = lie down) couche-toi !c. ( = make note of) noterd. ( = depress) déprimer• when you get down to it there's not much difference between them en y regardant de plus près il n'y a pas grande différence entre euxa. [person] ( = enter) entrer ; ( = be admitted to university, school) être admis• do you think we'll get in? tu crois qu'on réussira à entrer ?b. ( = arrive) [train, bus, plane] arriverc. ( = be elected) [member] être élu ; [party] accéder au pouvoira. [+ harvest] rentrer• did you get your essay in on time? as-tu rendu ta dissertation à temps ?b. ( = buy) acheterc. ( = fit in) glisser• he managed to get in a game of golf il a réussi à trouver le temps de faire une partie de golf► get into inseparable transitive verba. ( = enter) [+ house, park] entrer dans ; [+ car, train] monter dans• to get into the way of doing sth ( = make a habit of) prendre l'habitude de faire qchb. [+ clothes] mettre• I can't get into these jeans any more je ne peux plus rentrer dans ce jean► get in with inseparable transitive verba. ( = gain favour of) (réussir à) se faire bien voir deb. ( = become friendly with) se mettre à fréquenter• he got in with local drug dealers il s'est mis à fréquenter les trafiquants de drogue du quartier► get off• to get off to a good start [project, discussion] bien partirc. ( = escape) s'en tirerd. ( = leave work) finir ; ( = take time off) se libérera. [+ bus, train] descendre deb. [+ clothes, shoes] enleverc. ( = dispatch) I'll phone you once I've got the children off to school je t'appellerai une fois que les enfants seront partis à l'écoled. ( = save from punishment) faire acquittera. to get off a bus/a bike descendre d'un bus/de vélo• get off the floor! levez-vous !b. ( = be excused) (inf) to get off gym se faire dispenser des cours de gym► get off with (inf) inseparable transitive verb► get onb. ( = advance, make progress) avancer• how are you getting on? comment ça marche ? (inf)• how did you get on? comment ça s'est passé ?c. ( = succeed) réussir• if you want to get on, you must... si tu veux réussir, tu dois...d. ( = agree) s'entendre( = put on) [+ clothes, shoes] mettrea. ( = get in touch with) se mettre en rapport avec ; ( = speak to) parler à ; ( = ring up) téléphoner àb. ( = start talking about) aborder• we got on to (the subject of) money nous avons abordé la question de l'argent► get on with inseparable transitive verba. ( = continue) continuer• while they talked she got on with her work pendant qu'ils parlaient, elle a continué à travaillerb. ( = start on) se mettre à• I'd better get on with the job! il faut que je m'y mette !► get out• get out! sortez !• let's get out of here! sortons d'ici !b. ( = escape) s'échapper (of de)• you'll have to do it, you can't get out of it il faut que tu le fasses, tu ne peux pas y échapper• some people will do anything to get out of paying taxes certaines personnes feraient n'importe quoi pour éviter de payer des impôts• he's trying to get out of going to the funeral il essaie de trouver une excuse pour ne pas aller à l'enterrementc. [news] se répandre ; [secret] être éventé• wait till the news gets out! attends que la nouvelle soit ébruitée !a. ( = bring out) [+ object] sortirb. ( = remove) [+ nail, tooth] arracher ; [+ stain] enleverc. ( = free) [+ person] faire sortirb. ( = recover from) to get over an illness se remettre d'une maladie• I can't get over the fact that... je n'en reviens pas que... + subja. [+ person, animal, vehicle] faire passerb. ( = communicate) faire comprendre ; [+ ideas] communiquer► get over with separable transitive verb( = have done with) en finir• I was glad to get the injections over with j'étais content d'en avoir fini avec ces piqûres► get round= get abouta. [+ obstacle, difficulty, law] contourner• I don't think I'll get round to it before next week je ne pense pas trouver le temps de m'en occuper avant la semaine prochaine► get throughb. ( = be accepted, pass) [candidate] être reçu ; [motion, bill] passer• I phoned you several times but couldn't get through je t'ai appelé plusieurs fois mais je n'ai pas pu t'avoird. ( = communicate with) to get through to sb communiquer avec qna. [+ hole, window] passer par ; [+ hedge] passer à travers ; [+ crowd] se frayer un chemin à traversb. ( = do) [+ work] faire ; [+ book] lire (en entier)• we get through £150 per week nous dépensons 150 livres par semained. ( = survive) how are they going to get through the winter? comment vont-ils passer l'hiver ?• we couldn't get through a day without arguing pas un jour ne se passait sans que nous ne nous disputionsa. [+ person, object] faire passer• to get the message through to sb that... faire comprendre à qn que...• this is the only place where villagers can get together c'est le seul endroit où les gens du village peuvent se réunir[+ people, ideas, money] rassembler ; [+ group] former( = pass underneath) passer par-dessous• to get under a fence/a rope passer sous une barrière/une corde► get up• what time did you get up? à quelle heure t'es-tu levé ?b. (on a chair, on stage) montera. we eventually got the truck up the hill on a finalement réussi à faire monter le camion jusqu'en haut de la côtea. ( = catch up with) rattraperb. ( = reach) arriver à• where did we get up to last week? où en sommes-nous arrivés la semaine dernière ?• do you realize what they've been getting up to? tu sais ce qu'ils ont trouvé le moyen de faire ?• what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens ?* * *Note: This much-used verb has no multi-purpose equivalent in French and therefore is very often translated by choosing a synonym: to get lunch = to prepare lunch = préparer le déjeunerget is used in many idiomatic expressions ( to get something off one's chest etc) and translations will be found in the appropriate entry (chest etc). This is also true of offensive comments ( get lost etc) where the appropriate entry would be lostRemember that when get is used to express the idea that a job is done not by you but by somebody else ( to get a room painted etc) faire is used in French followed by an infinitive ( faire repeindre une pièce etc)When get has the meaning of become and is followed by an adjective (to get rich/drunk etc) devenir is sometimes useful but check the appropriate entry (rich, drunk etc) as a single verb often suffices ( s'enrichir, s'enivrer etc)For examples and further uses of get see the entry below[get] 1.1) ( receive) recevoir [letter, grant]; recevoir, percevoir [salary, pension]; Television, Radio capter [channel]2) ( inherit)to get something from somebody — lit hériter quelque chose de quelqu'un [article, money]; fig tenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [trait, feature]
3) ( obtain) ( by applying) obtenir [permission, divorce, licence]; trouver [job]; ( by contacting) trouver [plumber]; appeler [taxi]; ( by buying) acheter [item] ( from chez); avoir [ticket]to get something for nothing/at a discount — avoir quelque chose gratuitement/avec une réduction
to get somebody something —
to get something for somebody — ( by buying) acheter quelque chose à quelqu'un
4) ( subscribe to) acheter [newspaper]5) ( acquire) se faire [reputation]6) ( achieve) obtenir [grade, mark, answer]he got it right — ( of calculation) il a obtenu le bon résultat; ( of answer) il a répondu juste
7) ( fetch) chercher [object, person, help]to get somebody something —
8) (manoeuvre, move)to get somebody/something upstairs/downstairs — faire monter/descendre quelqu'un/quelque chose
can you get between the truck and the wall? — est-ce que tu peux te glisser entre le camion et le mur?
9) ( help progress)10) ( contact)11) ( deal with)I'll get it — ( of phone) je réponds; ( of doorbell) j'y vais
12) ( prepare) préparer [breakfast, lunch etc]13) ( take hold of) attraper [person] (by par)I've got you, don't worry — je te tiens, ne t'inquiète pas
to get something from ou off — prendre quelque chose sur [shelf, table]
to get something from ou out of — prendre quelque chose dans [drawer, cupboard]
14) (colloq) ( oblige to give)to get something from ou out of somebody — faire sortir quelque chose à quelqu'un [money]; fig obtenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [truth]
15) (colloq) ( catch) gen arrêter [escapee]got you! — gen je t'ai eu!; ( caught in act) vu!
16) Medicine attraper [disease]17) ( use as transport) prendre [bus, train]18) ( have)to have got — avoir [object, money, friend etc]
19) ( start to have)to get (hold of) the idea ou impression that — se mettre dans la tête que
20) ( suffer)21) ( be given as punishment) prendre [five years etc]; avoir [fine]22) ( hit)to get somebody/something with — toucher quelqu'un/quelque chose avec [stone, arrow]
23) (understand, hear) comprendrenow let me get this right... — alors si je comprends bien...
‘where did you hear that?’ - ‘I got it from Paul’ — ‘où est-ce que tu as entendu ça?’ - ‘c'est Paul qui me l'a dit’
24) (colloq) (annoy, affect)what gets me is... — ce qui m'agace c'est que...
25) (learn, learn of)to get to do — (colloq) finir par faire
how did you get to know ou hear of our organization? — comment avez-vous entendu parler de notre organisation?
26) ( have opportunity)to get to do — avoir l'occasion de faire, pouvoir faire
27) ( start)to get to doing — (colloq) commencer à faire
then I got to thinking that... — puis je me suis dit que...
28) ( must)to have got to do — devoir faire [homework, chore]
you've got to realize that... — il faut que tu te rendes compte que...
29) ( persuade)30) ( have somebody do)31) ( cause)2.1) ( become) devenir [suspicious, old]how lucky/stupid can you get! — il y en a qui ont de la chance/qui sont vraiment stupides!
2) ( forming passive)3) ( become involved in)to get into — (colloq) ( as hobby) se mettre à; ( as job) commencer dans; fig
4) ( arrive)how did you get here? — ( by what miracle) comment est-ce que tu es arrivé là?; ( by what means) comment est-ce que tu es venu?
5) ( progress)6) (colloq) ( put on)to get into — mettre, enfiler (colloq) [pyjamas, overalls]
•Phrasal Verbs:- get at- get away- get back- get by- get down- get in- get into- get off- get on- get onto- get out- get over- get up••get along with you! — (colloq) ne sois pas ridicule!
get away with you! — (colloq) arrête de raconter n'importe quoi! (colloq)
I'll get you (colloq) for that — je vais te le faire payer (colloq)
he's got it bad — (colloq) il est vraiment mordu
to get it together — (colloq) se ressaisir
to get with it — (colloq) se mettre dans le coup (colloq)
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17 better
better [ˈbetər]1. adjective• he is much better now [invalid] il va bien mieux maintenant• how are you? -- much better comment allez-vous ? -- bien mieux• that's better! voilà qui est mieux !• it's getting better and better! ça va de mieux en mieux !► to be better to do sth• wouldn't it be better to refuse? ne vaudrait-il pas mieux refuser ?2. adverb• write to her, or better still go and see her écris-lui, ou mieux encore va la voir• they are better off than we are ( = richer) ils ont plus d'argent que nous ; ( = more fortunate) ils sont dans une meilleure position que nous3. noun[+ sb's achievements] dépasser ; [+ record, score] améliorer• to better o.s. améliorer sa condition* * *Note: When better is used as an adjective it is translated by meilleur or mieux depending on the context (see below, and note that meilleur is the comparative form of bon, mieux the comparative form of bien). The translation of the construction to be better than varies depending on whether bon or bien works originally with the noun collocate: their wine is better than our wine = leur vin est meilleur que le nôtre; her new apartment is better than her old one = son nouvel appartement est mieux que l'ancien; his new film is better than his last one = son nouveau film est mieux or meilleur que le précédent (both bon and bien work with the collocate in this last example). Other constructions may be translated as follows: this is a better bag/car = ce sac/cette voiture est mieux; it is better to do = il vaut mieux faire or il est mieux de faireAs an adverb, better can almost always be translated by mieux. For more examples and particular usages, see the entry below['betə(r)] 1.1)the better of the two — le/la meilleur/-e or le/la mieux des deux
to deserve/hope for better — mériter/espérer mieux
so much the better, all the better — tant mieux
3) ( superior person)2.to get better — gen s'améliorer; [ill person] aller mieux
the weather is no better — le temps n'est pas meilleur or ne s'est pas amélioré
to taste better — être meilleur, avoir un meilleur goût
to be better — [patient, cold, headache] aller mieux
to feel all the better for — se sentir mieux après [rest, meal]
if it makes you feel any better — ( less worried) si ça peut te rassurer; ( less sad) si ça peut te consoler
to feel better about doing — ( less nervous) se sentir à même de faire; (less worried, guilty) avoir moins de scrupules à faire
to be better at — être meilleur en [subject, sport]
3.the bigger/sooner the better — le plus grand/vite possible
to fit/behave better than — aller/se comporter mieux que
better made/organized than — mieux fait/organisé que
better behaved/educated — plus sage/cultivé
to do better — (in career, life) réussir mieux; (in exam, essay) faire mieux; ( in health) aller mieux
the better to see/hear — pour mieux voir/entendre
the money would be better spent on a holiday — il vaudrait mieux garder cet argent pour les vacances
you had better do —
you'd better do — ( advising) tu ferais mieux de faire; ( warning) tu as intérêt à faire
‘will she come?’ - ‘she'd better!’ — (colloq) ‘est-ce qu'elle viendra?’ - ‘elle a intérêt!’
4.better still,... — ou mieux,...
transitive verb améliorer [one's performance, achievement]; faire mieux que [rival's performance, achievement]••for better (or) for worse — gen advienne que pourra; ( in wedding vow) pour le meilleur et pour le pire
to get the better of — [person] triompher de [enemy, problem]
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18 how
how [haʊ]a. ( = in what way) comment• how did you come? comment êtes-vous venu ?• how do you like your steak? quelle cuisson voulez-vous pour votre bifteck ?• how did you like the film? comment avez-vous trouvé le film ?• how was the play? comment avez-vous trouvé la pièce ?• how is it that...? comment se fait-il que... + subj ?• how could you? comment as-tu pu faire une chose pareille ?• how could you do/say that? comment as-tu pu faire/dire une chose pareille ?• how can that be? comment cela ?• how come you aren't going out? (inf) pourquoi tu ne sors pas ?► how about... > (inf)how about going for a walk? et si on allait se promener ?• how about you? et toi ?b. how's that? (inf)( = how possible, in what way) comment ça ? ; ( = what is your opinion) qu'est-ce que tu en penses ? ; ( = agreed) d'accord ?• how's that for size/height? ça va pour la taille/la hauteur ?• how's that for luck? quelle veine ! (inf)c. (health) how are you? comment allez-vous ?• how do you do? (on being introduced) enchanté• how are things? (inf)• how's business? comment vont les affaires ?• how's life? (inf)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When how is used to ask about degree or quantity, eg how long?, how much?, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• how nice! comme c'est gentil !• how he has grown! comme il a grandi !• I can't tell you how glad I was to leave that place vous ne pouvez pas savoir à quel point j'étais heureux de quitter cet endroit• how splendid! c'est merveilleux !• how kind of you! c'est très aimable à vous !e. ( = that) que• she told me how she had seen the child lying on the ground elle m'a raconté qu'elle avait vu l'enfant couché par terre* * *Note: When how is used as a question word meaning in what way? or by what means? (how did you get here?, how will you do it?) it is almost always translated by comment: comment es-tu arrivé ici?; comment le feras-tu?When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which it is often translated by comment: I don't know how they did it = je ne sais pas comment ils l'ont fait; tell me how you make a curry = dis-moi comment on fait un curryWhen how is used as a conjunction meaning that it is almost always translated by que: he told me how he had stolen the money = il m'a dit qu'il avait volé l'argent; it's amazing how they survived = c'est étonnant qu'ils aient survécu[haʊ] 1.adverb, conjunction1) (in what way, by what means) comment2) ( when enquiring)how do you do! — ( greeting) enchanté!
3) (in number, quantity etc questions)how much does this cost? —
4) ( in exclamations)how nice you look! — que tu es beau/belle!
how it rained! — qu'est-ce qu'il a plu! (colloq)
5) (colloq) ( in whichever way) comme6) ( why)7) ( that) que2.(colloq) how come adverbial phrase3.‘how come?’ — ‘pourquoi?’
how's that adverbial phraseI'll take you home, how's that? — je te ramènerai chez toi, ça te va?
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19 Usage note : do
she’s doing her homework= elle fait ses devoirswhat are you doing?= qu’est-ce que tu fais?what has he done with the newspaper?= qu’est-ce qu’il a fait du journal?faire functions in very much the same way as to do does in English and it is safe to assume it will work in the great majority of cases. For the conjugation of the verb faire, see the French verb tables.Grammatical functionsIn questionsIn French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in questions equivalent to the use of do in English.When the subject is a pronoun, the question is formed in French either by inverting the subject and verb and putting a hyphen between the two ( veux-tu?) or by prefacing the subject + verb by est-ce que (literally is it that):do you like Mozart?= aimes-tu Mozart? or est-ce que tu aimes Mozart?did you put the glasses in the cupboard?= as-tu mis les verres dans le placard? or est-ce que tu as mis les verres dans le placard?When the subject is a noun there are again two possibilities:did your sister ring?= est-ce que ta sœur a téléphoné? or ta sœur a-t-elle téléphoné?did Max find his keys?= est-ce que Max a trouvé ses clés? or Max a-t-il trouvé ses clés?In negativesEqually, auxiliaries are not used in negatives in French:I don’t like Mozart= je n’aime pas Mozartyou didn’t feed the cat= tu n’as pas donné à manger au chatdon’t do that!= ne fais pas ça!In emphatic usesThere is no verbal equivalent for the use of do in such expressions as I DO like your dress. A French speaker will find another way, according to the context, of expressing the force of the English do. Here are a few useful examples:I DO like your dress= j’aime beaucoup ta robeI DO hope she remembers= j’espère qu’elle n’oubliera pasI DO think you should see a doctor= je crois vraiment que tu devrais voir un médecinWhen referring back to another verbIn this case the verb to do is not translated at all:I don’t like him any more than you do= je ne l’aime pas plus que toiI live in Oxford and so does Lily= j’habite à Oxford et Lily aussishe gets paid more than I do= elle est payée plus que moiI haven’t written as much as I ought to have done= je n’ai pas écrit autant que j’aurais dû‘I love strawberries’ ‘so do I’= ‘j’adore les fraises’ ‘moi aussi’In polite requestsIn polite requests the phrase je vous en prie can often be used to render the meaning of do:do sit down= asseyez-vous, je vous en priedo have a piece of cake= prenez un morceau de gâteau, je vous en prie‘may I take a peach?’ ‘yes, do’= ‘puis-je prendre une pêche?’ ‘je vous en prie’In imperativesIn French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in imperatives:don’t shut the door= ne ferme pas la portedon’t tell her anything= ne lui dis riendo be quiet!= tais-toi!In tag questionsFrench has no direct equivalent of tag questions like doesn’t he? or didn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:you like fish, don’t you?= tu aimes le poisson, n’est-ce pas?he lives in London, doesn’t he?= il habite à Londres, n’est-ce pas?However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the meaning contained in the tag: par hasard can often be useful as a translation:Lola didn’t phone, did she?= Lola n’a pas téléphoné par hasard?Paul doesn’t work here, does he?= Paul ne travaille pas ici par hasard?In many cases the tag is not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey what is implied:you didn’t tidy your room, did you? (i.e. you ought to have done)= tu n’as pas rangé ta chambre?In short answersAgain, there is no direct French equivalent for short answers like yes I do, no he doesn’t etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:‘Marion didn’t say that’ ‘yes she did’= ‘Marion n’a pas dit ça’ ‘si’‘they don’t sell vegetables at the baker’s’ ‘yes they do’= ‘ils ne vendent pas les légumes à la boulangerie’ ‘si’In response to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:‘do you like strawberries?’ ‘yes I do’= ‘aimez-vous les fraises?’ ‘oui ’For more examples and particular usages, see the entry do. -
20 Usage note : before
When before is used as a preposition in expressions of time or order of sequence or importance, it is translated by avant:before the meeting= avant la réunionshe left before me= elle est partie avant moiFor more examples and particular usages, see A1, 2, 3 in the entry before.When before is used as a preposition meaning in front of (when you are talking about physical space) or in the presence of, it is translated by devant:before our eyes= devant nos yeuxhe declared before his mother that …= il a déclaré devant sa mère que …When before is used as an adjective after a noun, it is translated by précédent/-e:the time before= la fois précédentethe one before is translated by le précédent or la précédente:no, I’m not talking about that meeting but the one before= non, je ne parle pas de cette réunion-là mais de la précédenteFor particular usages see B in the entry before.When before is used as an adverb meaning beforehand, it is translated by avant in statements about the present or future:I’ll try to talk to her before= j’essaierai de lui en parler avantyou could have told me before= tu aurais pu me le dire avantI had met her two or three times before= je l’avais rencontrée deux ou trois fois auparavantI’ve met her before= je l’ai déjà rencontréeyou’ve asked me that question before= tu m’as déjà posé cette questionIn negative sentences before is often used in English simply to reinforce the negative. In such cases it is not translated at all:I’d never eaten snails before= je n’avais jamais mangé d’escargotsyou’ve never told me that before= tu ne m’as jamais dit çaFor particular usages see C in the entry before.When before is used as a conjunction, it is translated by avant de + infinitive where the two verbs have the same subject:before he saw her he recognized her voice= il a reconnu sa voix avant de la voirbefore I cook dinner I’m going to phone my mother= avant de préparer le dîner je vais appeler ma mèreWhere the two verbs have different subjects, the translation is avant que + subjunctive:Tom wants to see her before she leaves= Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle parteSome speakers and writers add ne before the verb: Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle ne parte, but this is simply a slightly precious effect of style and is never obligatory. For particular usages see D in the entry before.
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